The swollen eyelidsmedically known as eyelid oedemais a common condition that can affect both a person's appearance and visual well-being. It is characterised by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues around the eyes, causing visible swelling that can be both cosmetically and functionally uncomfortable.
Main causes of eyelid swelling
There are different causes of swollen eyelids. Identifying them helps us to treat the problem and obtain better results.
Allergic reactions
One of the most common causes of swollen eyelids is allergic reactions. These can be local, when sensitivity is caused by direct contact with allergens; or systemic, when they are part of a more generalised reaction, such as angioedema or allergic rhinitis.
Eye infections
Infections are another important cause.
Among the most common are:
- Blepharitis. Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins characterised by yellow crusting of the eyelashes, itchy eyes, burning sensation and redness.
- Conjunctivitis. Inflammation of the conjunctiva causes redness of the whites of the eyes, discharge and crusting of the eyelashes on waking.
- Stye. Acute bacterial infection of the hair follicles of the eyelashes causing redness, severe pain and the formation of a small yellowish bump on the edge of the eyelid.
- Chalazion. Chronic non-infectious inflammation caused by obstruction of the meibomian glands.
- Systemic problems
Trauma and injuries
Blows or trauma to the eye area can cause immediate swelling due to fluid accumulation in the damaged tissues.
Systemic causes
Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure can cause fluid retention that is especially evident around the eyes and legs.
Fluid retention due to circulatory problems can manifest as puffy lower eyelids, especially on waking. This occurs when there is poor lymphatic drainage which allows fluid to accumulate during the night.
Other symptoms that often accompany swollen eyelids include
It can be tricky to know why eyelids swell, although they rarely occur for no apparent reason. The most common accompanying symptoms include:
- Eye irritation. Itching, burning or discomfort similar to that caused by a foreign body in the eye.
- Photophobia. Sensitivity to bright light, causing significant discomfort.
- Excessive tearing. Excessive tear production.
- Redness. Both the eyelids and conjunctiva may show visible redness due to inflammation.
- Eye discharge. Tongue debris or mucus that accumulates on the rims and eyelashes, especially on waking.
- Dryness and flaking. The eyelid skin may become dry and flaky in the affected area.
- Pain. Especially present when the swelling is caused by infectious processes such as sties or cellulitis.
How to deal with it
The treatment of swollen eyelids must address the underlying cause, but there are general measures that can provide immediate relief. These range from applying cold or warm compresses to slightly elevating the head at bedtime.
The specialist may prescribe steroid drops to control inflammation, artificial tears to maintain lubrication, or topical antibiotics to treat infections. Oral antihistamines are effective for allergic cases, while systemic antibiotics may be necessary for severe infections.
In the Nebro Ophthalmology ClinicWe offer advanced treatments such as pulsed light therapy (IPL) for severe cases of blepharitis.
How to prevent swelling of the eyes and eyelids
The daily cleaning of the eye area should be frequent. Make-up should always be completely removed before going to sleep. Wearing polarised sunglasses effectively protects against UV rays and other inclement weather.
The regular reviews help to detect any eye problems at an early stage. The frequency of these visits depends on the patient's age and specific circumstances.
Puffy eyelids can manifest multiple conditions, from simple allergic reactions to more complex systemic problems. Early identification of the causes is essential. In the Nebro Ophthalmology Clinic in Fuengirola, we have advanced technology and a specialised team to diagnose and effectively treat any problem related to eyelid puffiness.